Dog Attack Fatalities USA 2000-2013

Fatalities reported in 2000
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
February	Rottweiler	Justin Tabner	5 years
June	Pack of up to 20 dogs	Dorothy Stewart	71 years
June	German shepherd-Husky mix and Pit bull-Labrador retrievermix	Jasmine Dillashaw	18 day
October	Pomeranian	Girl - name withheld	6 weeks
Unknown	Pit bull	Ramani Virgil	2 years
Fatalities reported in 2001
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
26-Jan	Perro de Presa Canario	Diane Whipple	33 years
March	Rottweiler	Joshua Brown[145]	3 years
March	Unknown	Newborn girl Small	Newborn
5-Mar	Pack of stray dogs	Rodney McAllister	10 years
April	Rottweiler	Jovanna King	1 Month
June	Rottweiler	Kyle Anthony Ross	5 years
11-Jun	Pit bull	Tyran Moniz-Hilderbrand	18 Months
August	Mixed breed dogs (possibly including Rottweiler, Pit bull,Beagle, and Labrador retriever)	Donald Bryson Shumpert	2 years
August	Rottweiler	Sierra Clayton	3 years
29-Oct	Rottweiler	Kristin Ann Jolley	1 year
November	German Shepherd and/orGerman Shepherd mix	Alexander Jarred Bennett	3 day
November	Husky (2)	Josie Simone Hearon	3 weeks
December	Rottweiler	Tristen Gambrel	3 years
Unknown	Chow	William Kirsh	59 years
Fatalities reported in 2002
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
7-Feb	Rottweiler and 2 Rottweiler-Pug mixes	Genoe Novak	6 years
14-Feb	Rottweiler	Alicia Clark	10 years
April	Rottweiler	Victoria Morales	5 years
1-Jun	German Shepherd	Colter Kumpost	4 years
October	Rottweiler	Girl- no name released	23 months
December	Husky mix	Unknown	2 weeks
Fatalities reported in 2003
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
March	Rottweiler	Lily Krajewski	2 years
March	Rottweiler	Wesley Swindler	3 years
7-Mar	Rottweiler	Jennifer Nicole Davis	5 years
24-Mar	Pit bull	Tre'sean Forsman	3 years
26-Mar	Rottweiler	Vivian Anthony
April	Malamute-Wolf hybrid	Andre Angel Thomas	13 month
16-May	American Staffordshire Terrier[170] (Pit bull)	Bonnie Page	75 years
23-May	Stray dogs	Cedric Edmonds	37 years
20-Jun	Pit bull	Somer Clugston	2 years
August	Rottweiler	Samantha Grace Bauld[174]	3 years
7-Sep	Doberman Pinscher	Valerie DeSwart	67 years
2-Oct	Great Dane	Makayla Paige Sinclair	2 years
20-Nov	Pit bull (3)	Jennifer Brooke	40 years
12-Dec	Pit bull-mix or Labrador-pit bull mix (6)	Alice Broom	81 years
Fatalities reported in 2004
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
13-Jan	Mixed-breed dog (Pit bull-type)	Nathan Roy Hill	3 years
21-Feb	Beagle-mix	Truston Heart Liddle	17 months
11-Mar	Mixed-breed dog	Madison Carson	2 years
April	Rottweiler	Samuel Trucks	2 years
3-Apr	Pit bull	"John Doe"	16 months
16-Apr	Pit bull (4)	Roddie Dumas, Jr.	8 years
16-Apr	Pit bull-mix	Myles Leakes	4 years
24-Apr	Bullmastiff–German Shepherd mix	John Streeter	8 years
May	Rottweiler	Leta Ward	65 years
July	Bullmastiff	Ryker Schweitzer	7 years
6-Aug	Pit bull (6)	Mary DeLacy	87 years
1-Sep	Pit bull-Labrador Retrievermix	Isaiah Calandis Smith	18 months
5-Oct	Mixed-breed dog	Jose Diaz	5 weeks
8-Oct	Pit bull-mix	Anton Brown	8 years
13-Dec	Pit bull-mix	Kamryn Billingsly	One month
13-Dec	Mongrel (Pit bull-type)	Annilee McKinnon	5 years
Fatalities reported in 2005
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
2-Jan	Mixed breed dog and Pit bullmix[199]	Tyler Babcock	6 years
28-Jan	Pit bull,	Lydia Chaplin	14 years
	Mixed-breed dog
4-Feb	Pit bull	Barbara Pilkington	70 years
8-Mar	Pit bull	Dorothy Sullivan	82 years
15-Mar	Rottweiler,	Sandra Sanchez	32 years
	Rottweiler-mix
5-Apr	Pit bull	Cassidy Jeter	6 years
10-Apr	Rottweiler–German Shepherd-mix	Robert Schafer	4 years
13-Apr	American Bulldog and/or "American Terrier" and/or Pit bull and/or Cane Corso[208][209]	Ernie Assad	82 years
14-Apr	Mixed-breed dog	Laverne Ford	74 years
2-May	Rottweiler	Asia Turner	4 years
6-May	Husky,	Samantha Black	2 years
	Alaskan Malamute
7-May	Alaskan Malamute	Kate-Lynn Logel	7 years
10-May	"part Pit bull"[217]	Lorinze Reddings	42 years
15-May	Labrador Retriever-mix,	Julia Beck	87 years
	Dachshund
17-May	Pit bull	Arianna Fleeman	2 years
3-Jun	Pit bull	Nicholas Faibish	12 years
1-Jul	American Bulldog,	Boyd Fiscus	83 years
	Neapolitan Mastiff,
	Border Collie
4-Jul	Pit bull	Dazavious Williams	5 weeks
13-Jul	Siberian Husky	Alexis McDermott	6 days
2-Aug	Rottweiler	Cassandra Garcia	16 months
14-Oct	Pit bull,	Mike Gomez	86 years
	Schnauzer
15-Oct	Rottweiler	Sydney Akin	6 years
6-Nov	Pit bull	Kylee Johnson	14 months
18-Nov	Pit bull Mixes	Hulon Barbour	60 years
24-Nov	Unknown dogs	Roberto Aguilera	64 years
26-Nov	Pit bull–Rottweiler mix	Lillian Styles	76 years
6-Dec	Bullmastiff	Mary Stiles	91 years
30-Dec	Pit bull	Cody Adair	4 years
Fatalities reported in 2006
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
January	Golden Retriever	Kaitlyn Hassard	6 years
9-Jan	Rottweiler	Ashton Lee Scott	11 months
4-Feb	Bullmastiff	Conner Lourens	7 years
24-Feb	Rottweiler	Dominic Giordano	4 years
14-Mar	Pit bull	Charles Gilbert Dalton	52 years
20-Mar	Rottweiler	Quillan Cottrell	3 years
10-Apr	Pit bull mix	"John Doe"	Unknown
2-May	Pit bull and up to 3 others	Juan Garcia	53
6-May	Mixed breed	Dianna Acklen	60 years
11-May	Pit bull	Raymond Tomco	78 years
7-Jun	Pit bull dogs	Shaun McCafferty	27 years
17-Jun	Pit bull	Javelin Anderson	15 months
22-Jun	Rottweiler	Gemma Carlos	2 years
17-Jul	Wolfdog	Sandra Piovesan	50 years
18-Jul	Pit bull	Brandon Coleman	25 years
25-Jul	Pit bull,	Mariah Puga	3 years
	Rottweiler
27-Jul	Pit bull	Jimmie McConnell	71 years
31-Jul	Pit bull	John Brannaman	81 years
18-Aug	Perro de Presa Canario	Shawna Willey	30 years
29-Aug	Pit bull	Frank Baber	49 years
29-Aug	Boxer	Pablo Flietes	52 years
3-Oct	Pit bull mix	Jonathan Martin	2 years
3-Oct	Rottweiler	Julius Graham	2 years
8-Oct	Pit bull	Jeannine Fusco	44 years
29-Oct	Pit bull	David McCurry	41 years
3-Nov	Rottweiler	Ariel Pogue	2 years
3-Nov	Mixed breeds	Matthew Davis	10 years
4-Nov	Pit bull	Allen Young	22 months
6-Nov	Rottweiler	Louis Romero, Jr.	2 years
9-Nov	Pit bull	Richard Adams	47 years
13-Nov	Rottweiler	James Eisaman	40 years
21-Nov	Mixed-breed dog and Pit bull-mix	Pedro Rios	4 years
Fatalities reported in 2007
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
12-Jan	Pit bull	Amber Jones	10 years
15-Jan	German Shepherd	Linda Mittino	69 years
24-Jan	Rottweiler	Matthew Johnson	6 years
28-Jan	Rottweiler	Taylor Kitlica	18 months
16-Feb	Pit bull-mix	Robynn Bradley	2 years
	English Mastiff-mix
16-Mar	Golden Retriever[276]	Pamela Rushing	50 years
	Catahoula Bulldog
	and possibly Australian Shepherd
22-Mar	Pit bull	Carolina Sotello	2 years
23-Apr	Pit bull	Brian Palmer	2 years
13-May	Pit bull	Celestino Rangel	90 years
25-May	German Shepherd Dog,Doberman Pinscher	Magdalena Silva	95 years
26-May	Unknown dogs	Carshena Benjamin	71 years
26-May	Pit bull and Pit Bull mix	Dandre Fisher	3 years
17-Jun	Chow-Chow mix	Phyllis Carroll	63 years
29-Jun	Mixed-breed dogs	Mary Bernal	63 years
12-Jul	Rottweiler	Tiffany Pauley	5 years
23-Jul	Siberian Husky	Trey Paeth	11 months
29-Jul	Pit bull	Sabin Jones-Abbott	6 years
16-Aug	Pit bull	Zachary King, Jr.	7 years
18-Aug	Chow Chow-Mix	Elijah Rackley	15 months
31-Aug	Pit bull	Scott Warren	6 years
12-Sep	Rottweiler	Kylie Cox	4 months
13-Sep	American Bulldog	Cheryl Harper	56 years
13-Sep	American Bulldog	Edward Gierlach	91 years
25-Sep	German Shepherd Dog-mix	Karson Gilroy	2 years
2-Oct	Pit bull	Tina Canterbury	42 years
5-Oct	Wolfdog	"Jane Doe"	73 years
15-Oct	Pack of 5-7 mixed breed dogs, some of which may have beenPit bull-mixes[298]	Rosalie Bivens	65 years
5-Nov	American Bulldog-Mastiff mix	Tori Whitehurst	4 years
7-Nov	Pit bull	Seth Lovitt	11 years
12-Nov	Pit bull	Jennifer Lowe	21 years
4-Dec	Pit bull	Cora Lee Suehead	61 years
13-Dec	Pit bull	Holden Jernigan	2 years
17-Dec	Pit bull	Blanche Brodeur	76 years
25-Dec	Pit bull or Pit bull mix[306]	Kelly Caldwell	45 years
Fatalities reported in 2008
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
4-Jan	Doberman Pinscher	Andrew Stein	8 months
17-Jan	Jack Russell Terrier	Justin Mozer	6 weeks
20-Jan	Pit bull	Kelli Chapman	24 years
28-Apr	Husky-mix	Abraham Tackett	23 months
14-May	Pit bull	Julian Slack	3 years
18-May	Pit bull	Tanner Monk	7 years
18-Jun	Pit bull	Pablo Hernandez	5 years
28-Jun	Golden Retriever-mix	Lorraine May	74 years
	Australian Shepherd-mix
22-Jul	Pit bull	Tony Evans, Jr.	3 years
25-Jul	Old English Sheepdog Mix	Addison Sonney	14 months
28-Jul	Labrador Retriever	Zane Earles	2 months
14-Aug	Pit bull	Robert Howard	35 (est.)
14-Aug	Pit bull	Isis Kreiger	6 years
17-Aug	Pit bull	Henry Piotrowski	90 years
4-Sep	Pit bull	Luna McDaniel	83 years
9-Sep	Husky	Alexis Hennessy	6 days
12-Sep	Pit bull	Cenedi Carey	4 months
22-Sep	Husky	"Jane Doe"	3 days
26-Sep	Pit bull-mix[326]	Katya Todesco	5 years
5-Oct	Mixed breed	Iopeka Liptak	13 months
31-Oct	Pit bull	Chester Jordan	62 years
26-Nov	Terrier-mix[330][331] "also might be a type of pit bull"[332]	Alexander Adams	2 years
19-Dec	107-lb, 4-year-old male Pit bull-Mastiff mix and 52-lb, 6-year-old female Pit bull[335]	Gerald Adelmund	60 years
Fatalities reported in 2009
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
6-Jan	Pit bull	Cheyenne Peppers	5 years
11-Jan	Rottweiler	Alex Angulo	4 years
15-Jan	Rottweiler	Brooklynn Milburn	4 years
19-Jan	Husky	Olivia Rozek	3 weeks
19-Jan	A part-Rottweiler, Mixed breed dog[342]	Brianna Shanor	8 years
4-Mar	Chow-Chow–Golden Retriever mix	"Jane Doe"	2 weeks
16-Mar	Mastiff	Hill Williams	38 years
21-Mar	Unknown dog	Dolly Newell	80 years
22-Mar	Husky	Dustin Faulkner	3 years
26-Mar	Pit bull	Tyson Miller	2 years
31-Mar	Pit bull	Izaiah Cox	7 months
10-Apr	Boxer	Michael Landry	4 years
10-Apr	Mixed breed (11)	Gordon Lykins	48 years
13-Apr	Blue Heeler–Australian Shepherd mix	David Whitenack, Jr.	41 years
22-Apr	Pit bull-mix	Leonard Lovejoy, Jr.	11 months
15-Jun	Pit bull	Justin Clinton	10 years
27-Jun	Pit bull mix, Collie mix	Gabrial Mandrell-Sauerhage	3 years
10-Aug	Pit bull	Carter Delaney	20 years
14-Aug	Pack of sixteen straymongrels	Sherry Schweder	65 years
14-Aug	Pack of sixteen straymongrels	Lothar Schweder	77 years
15-Aug	Pit bull	"John Doe"	3 days
15-Aug	Pit bull	Jasmine Deane	23 months
23-Oct	Mixed-breed dog—possiblyAkita and Pit bull-mix[361]	Colton Smith	17 months
28-Oct	Pit bull	Matthew Clayton "Booter" Hurt	2 years
5-Nov	Pit bull	Destiny Knox	16 months
24-Nov	Boxer mix and/or a Mixed breed dog[367]	Karen Gillespie	53 years
30-Nov	Pit bull	Rosie Humphries	85 years
4-Dec	Pit bull	Lowell Bowden	70 years
12-Dec	Rottweiler-Labrador Retriever mix[371]	Dallas Walters	20 months
12-Dec	Alaskan Malamute	Theresa Ellerman	49 years
22-Dec	Weimaraner	Liam Peck	2 years
Fatalities reported in 2010
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
9-Jan	Pit bull	Omar Martinez	3 years
17-Jan	Mixed-breed dog or Pit bull	Johnny Wilson	56 years
8-Feb	Rottweiler	Carolyn Baker	63 years
12-Feb	Unknown dog(s) (Pit bull)	Anastasia Bingham	6 years
18-Feb	Siberian Husky	Robert D. Hocker	11 days
19-Feb	Redbone Coonhound	Kenneth Bock	57 years
20-Feb	Pit bull	Christine Staab	38 years
20-Feb	American Bulldog	Violet Serenity Haaker	3 years
23-Feb	Pit bull	"Jane Doe"	5 days
28-Feb	Rottweiler	Ashlynn Anderson	4 years
4-Mar	Pit bull	Ethel Horton	65 years
8-Mar	Rottweiler	Justin Lopez	9 months
14-Apr	Pit bull-mix	Thomas Carter, Jr.	7 days
20-May	Sled Dog	Krystal Brink	3 years
25-May	Rottweiler	Hao Yun “Eddie” Lin	33 years
28-May	Pit bull	Nathan Aguirre	2 years
3-Jun	Pit bull	Savannah Gragg	9 years
15-Jun	Bullmastiff-mix	Michael Winters	30 years
	Pit bull–Boxer mix
	Rottweiler-mix
12-Jul	German Shepherd-Huskymix and Labrador retriever	Kyle Holland	5 years
20-Jul	Pit bull	William Parker	71 years
22-Jul	Pit bull	Jacob Bisbee	2 years
31-Jul	German Shepherd Dog-mix	Aaron Carlson	2 years
19-Aug	Unknown dog(s)	Tracey Payne	46 years
22-Aug	Pit bull	Jerry Yates	69 years
25-Aug	Pit bull	Jason Walter	7 years
	"mixed-breed Shepard"[412]
25-Aug	Boxer	Taylor Becker	4 years
4-Sep	Pit bull	Mattie Daugherty	85 years
13-Oct	Pit bulls	Rev. John Reynolds Sr.	84 years
24-Oct	Pit bull	Justin Valentin	4 days
2-Nov	Pit bull–Weimaraner-mix	Christina Casey	53 years
10-Nov	Pit bull-mix[419]	Kaden Muckleroy	2 years
15-Nov	Mixed-breed dog	Cason Bryant	5 years
15-Nov	German Shepherd Dog	Shirley Lou Bird	79 years
16-Nov	Pit bull	Justin Lane	25 years
5-Dec	Pit bull	Edward Mitchell	67 years
8-Dec	Stray dogs	Larry Armstrong	55 years
19-Dec	Rottweiler or Rottweiler mix	Janet Vaughan	3 months
Fatalities reported in 2011
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
N/A	Pack of stray mongrels	Larry Armstrong	55
4-Jan	Pit bull mix	Linda Leal	51 years
12-Jan	Pit bull - 2	Makayla Woodard	5 years
24-Jan	Akita	Kristen Dutton	9 years
26-Jan	Pit bull - 3	Ronnie Waldo	51 years
26-Jan	Stray dogs	Howard James Paul	76 years
17-Feb	Rottweiler	Sirlinda Hayes	66 years
19-Feb	Pit bull	Darius Tillman	15 days
7-Mar	Rottweiler	Vanessa Husmann	3 years
12-Apr	Rottweiler	Annabelle Mitchell	7 months
22-Apr	Pit bull	Virgil Cantell	50 years
24-Apr	mixed breed Pit bull - 4[444]	Margaret Salcedo	48 years
27-May	Cane Corso	Jayelin Graham	4 years
29-May	Dutch Shepherd Police Dog[448]	Jesse Porter	89 years
11-Jun	Pit bull	David Haigler	38 years
15-Jun	Pit bull	Roy McSweeney	74 years
29-Jun	American Bulldog-mix[452] orDogo Argentino[453] or "American terrier and pit bullmix"	Salvador Cotto	6 months
3-Jul	American Bulldog	Michael Naglee	11 months
23-Aug	Pit bull-mix	Michael Cook	61 years
11-Aug	Pit bull	Darla Napora	32 Years
12-Aug	Rottweiler	James Dowling	4 years
30-Aug	Unknown	Addyson Paige Camerino	9 days
30-Aug	Pit bull	Carmen Ramos	50 years
4-Sep	Labrador Retriever-mix or Pit bull	Brayden McCollen	Two weeks
16-Sep	Doberman Pinscher	Donna Conrad	71 years
30-Sep	Pit bull - 3	Nevaeh Bryant	20 Months
3-Oct	Pit bull-Mastiff mix	Mya Maeda	11 days
11-Nov	Pit bull - 2	Edna Dyson	71 years
5-Dec	Pit bull	Joseph Hines	58 years
6-Dec	American Bulldog or Pit bull	Tonia Parks	39 years
8-Dec	Pit bull	Misti Wyno	40 years
18-Dec	Pit bull	Mable McCallister	84 years
24-Dec	Pit bull - 2	Emako Mendoza	75 years
Fatalities reported in 2012
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
14-Jan	Pit bull	Jace Valdez	23 months
30-Jan	German shepherd	"John Doe"	6 years
16-Feb	Husky	Howard Nicholson, Jr.	2 days
4-Mar	Pit bull	Diane Jansen	59 years
9-Mar	Rottweiler	Dylan Andres	17 months
25-Mar	Pit bull or Pit bull-mix[483]	Kylar Johnson	4 years
9-Apr	Pit bull	James Hurst	92 years
20-Apr	Golden Retriever - Labrador Retriever mix	Aiden McGrew	2 months
27-Apr	Mastiff - Rhodesian Ridgeback mix	Jeremiah Eskew-Shahan	1 year
2-May	Pit bull	Clifford Wright	72 years
8-May	Pit bull	Jazilyn Mesa	15 months
17-May	Pit bull-mix[492]	Makayla Darnell	3 days
26-May	Pit bull	Eugene Cameron	65 years
27-May	Labrador Retriever -German Shepherd mix (2)	Ja'Marr Tiller	2 years
13-Jun	2 Mixed Breed dogs	Jack Redin	2 years
14-Jun	Pit bull	Tyzhel McWilliams	8 months
11-Jul	Alapaha Blue-Blood Bulldog or Bullmastiff or Pit bull -Bull mastiff mix	Ronnel Brown	40 years
August 11 or 12	one or more of Presa Canario (2), Pit bull (2),Boxer-mix	Rebecca Carey	23 years
16-Aug	Pit bull	Charles Hagerman	44 years
1-Sep	Cane Corso (2)	Dawn Jurgens	76 years
5-Sep	Unknown	Bryton[506] Cason	4 years
7-Sep	Pit bull (2)	Debra Renee Wilson-Roberts	45 years
11-Sep	Mixed-breed dog	James Hudson	10 Months
20-Sep	Rottweiler (2)	Donald Thomas	82 years
24-Sep	Pit bull-mix	Rayden Bruce	3 Months
26-Sep	Pit bull	Nellie Davis	60 years
2-Oct	Mixed-breed dogs, German Shepherd mixes, and/or Pit bull-mixes (7)[515]	Mary Jo Hunt	54 years
4-Oct	Pit bull	Tarilyn Bowles	3 weeks
9-Nov	Rottweiler	Dixie Jennings	3 months
11-Nov	Olde English Bulldogge orOlde English Bulldogge-American Bulldog mixes (8)	Remedios Romeros-Solares	30 years
14-Nov	Mastiff	Dawn Brown	44 years
11-Dec	Pit bull (4)	Esteban Alavez	34 years
11-Dec	Boston terrier	Unknown woman	93 years
13-Dec	Pit bull	Savannah Edwards	2 years
26-Dec	Pack of Stray dogs	Tomas Henio	8 years
Fatalities reported in 2013
Date	Category of Dog	Victim's name	Victim's age
8-Jan	Pit bull	Betty Ann Chapman Todd	65 years
19-Jan	Pit bull	Christian Gormanous	4 years
8-Feb	Pit bull	Elsie Grace	91 years
16-Feb	Pit bull	Isaiah Aguilar	2 years
2-Mar	Pit bull	Ryan Maxwell	7 years
6-Mar	Pit bull (2)	Daxton Borchardt	14 Months
27-Mar	Pit bull & Pit bull-mix (7)	Monica Renee Laminack	21 months
7-Apr	Pit bull Mix (2) or Bulldogs	Tyler Jett	7 years
11-Apr	Pit bull - Mastiff mix [548]	Claudia Gallardo	38 years
22-Apr	American Staffordshire Terrier (Pit Bull)[551]	Jordyn Arndt	4 years
24-Apr	American Staffordshire Terrier mix (Pit Bull mix)	Beau Rutledge	2 years
30-Apr	German Shepherd	Rachael Honabarger	35 years
8-May	4 Pit bulls or Feral dogs(Mixed breed dogs with "possible 'pit bull' influence")[561][562]	Carlton Freeman	80 years
9-May	Pack of four free-ranging dogs: Pit bulls[568]	Pamela Marie Devitt	63 years
9-Jun	Bullmastiff[575]	Ayden Evans[576]	5 years
17-Jun	Pit bull mix	Nephi Selu	6 years
25-Jun	Pit bull mix	Arianna Jolee Merrbach	5 years
1-Jul	Labrador Retriever mix[584]	Linda Oliver	63 years
	or "large, longer haired, black" Mixed breed[585]
	or Mastiff-Rottweilermix[586]
15-Sep	Husky-Mix	Jordan Reed	5 years
22-Sep	"Mixed breed pit bull	Daniel "Doe"	2 years
23-Sep	"Mixed breed pit bull[s]"[590]	Samuel Eli Zamudio	2 years
27-Sep	Pit bull	Jordan Ryan	5 years
1-Nov	Pit bull	Terry Douglass	56 years
4-Nov	Pit bulls	Katherine Atkins	25 years
5-Nov	Pit bulls	Nga Woodhead	65 years
8-Nov	Pit bull(s)	Levi Watson	4 years
21-Nov	Pit bull/Bull Mastiff mix; Rat Terrier	Joan Kappen	75 years
7-Dec	Pit bulls (2)	Jah'Niyah White	2 years
10-Dec	Shiba Inu (2)	Mia Gibson	3 months
13-Dec	Pit bull	Michal Nelson	41 years
21-Dec	Pit bulls (2)	Betty Clark	74
28-Dec	Boxer	Tom J. Vick	64 years

Economics 101

I spend a lot of time reading Facebook posts and the comments ordinary people make on them.  Either there are a lot of ignorant people about or the majority of the informed, those able to reason, do not post.

I get tired of hearing people complain about the president not doing more to bring back employment or to lower the cost of gas while, at the same time, they complain about big government and over regulation. Among the regulations they disagree with are those related to the economy.  An example is the minimum wage.  It seems to me that they want mutually exclusive things.  They do not want government intervention but they do want jobs and low gas prices.  They believe that, if the government just left the market alone then prices would fall, gas would be cheap and plentiful, jobs would return to America and it would be a veritable land of milk and honey.  However, they forget that we do not live in the 1950's.  The world has changed.  Deregulation means that the market is free to exploit those changes.

It is also true that the failure to recognize the changed realities means that people hold views and vote in ways that are actually contrary to their own good and that of society.  They also lead to people wrongly attributing blame, such as to the president or to the poor.

Extremes are dangerous.  This certainly applies to societal models.  Both extreme capitalism and the extreme socialistic world view: communism are dangerous and doomed to failure.  America has moved ever closer to the extremes of unregulated capitalism.  I will show below why any rational individual should consider the current situation unsustainable.  I will also show why many of the criticisms and suggestions for solutions are simply ridiculous.

In the latter half of the 20th century, the world changed dramatically.  Population levels rose massively, technology took great leaps in terms of transportation and communication, and less developed nations rapidly caught up with Westernized countries in terms of investment and infrastructure.  As other nations advanced, the expectations and demands of their populations increased.  An American who wants to buy beef, pork or bread today competes for those products with those in China, whose economy has changed radically.  In 1960, the US consumed about 8 million metric tons of pork.  Today the country consumes about 9 million tons.  In 1975 the Chinese also consumed about 8 million metric tons of pork.  Today they consume 52 million tons of pork!  To feed those pigs, they now buy 60% of the annual global crop of soybeans.  That makes soybeans more expensive for everyone and the cost is passed on to the producers of anything, including meat, that is based on soybeans. Chinese consumption is set to increase by 2.5% again in the next year.  Prices here will rise accordingly.  The current forecast (by US Department of Agriculture bureau in Beijing) is that Chinese beef imports for 2014 will be around 550,000 tons.  That's an increase of 19 times in just three years.  China is also increasing it's own home grown cattle production as well as importing more beef.  Of course that means it is importing more cattle feed, mainly corn and alfalfa from the US.  At a time when the Western US is experiencing drought, it is effectively exporting water in the form of alfalfa for Chinese cattle to eat.  Again, that increased Chinese demand will raise costs here in the US.

In an unregulated market, where the government does not intervene, companies are free to sell to whichever customer is willing to pay the most.  America is a resource rich country and could probably stand alone and meet many of its needs - as some commentators suggest - but to make it so, the idea of an unregulated market would have to be abandoned.  Would Americans tolerate the idea of government telling companies, big and small, who they could sell to?  True, there are already restrictions on the sale of technologies and weapons that could be used against the US or its allies, but every day trade?  Few Americans would accept such draconian regulation.

Oil

The above applies to oil.  All Americans want cheap gas and accuse the president of not magically reducing the cost.  However, America is producing more oil than it has for decades.  Peak oil production occurred in November 1970 when the US produced 10 million barrels a day.  From that time production fell steadily to the low point of 2010, when global demand dramatically contracted due to the virtual collapse of the global economy - following the US collapse.  At its lowest point, production was 4.7 million barrels a day.  While it had a slow downward trend from 1970 to 1985, from then onward, the fall was dramatic.  Since Obama has been in power, production has soared back to 8.4 million barrels a day, as at May 2014.  In the last 5 years, oil production has jumped 65% in the US.  So why aren't gas prices low?  Well, apart from an embargo on selling crude oil, refiners can sell petroleum products, including 'gas' for vehicles, to whomever they wish.  And they are.  Mirroring the rise in oil extraction, the level of exports has risen too.  Exports follow the same pattern as production. In 1975, the US exported 180,000 barrels of petroleum products.   By the 1990's exports had risen to around a million barrels a day.  This remained stable all through the 1990's and the first decade of the 21st century.  Since Obama took power, exports have reached 4.4 million barrels a day.  People demand that Obama do something about the cost of gas, but what?  The only thing he could do, at this moment, is to forbid producers from selling overseas.  The uproar can only be imagined.  The president telling corporations who they can sell to!?  Meddling in the 'free market'?!  There would be outrage and he would be accused of overreaching his power.  Could he increase production?  That has been suggested by one of my less knowledgeable conservative Obama-hating acquaintances.  But production is not the limiting factor.  Infrastructure is.  Refineries and storage facilities can not cope with the current levels of supply.  Many (Kinder Morgan Energy Partners and Marathon for example) are investing in new infrastructure.  But NOT for domestic distribution to lower gas prices at home, for export!  Others are pressing the government to lift the embargo on oil exports.  The increased oil production is not being used to lower the costs for Americans, but to sell overseas.  In an unrestricted free market, gas prices are dependent upon international demand.  Unless the president becomes a dictator and intervenes directly in the sale of oil, producers sell where they can get the best price and there is nothing the government and president can do about it.

Jobs

We no longer live in a society of high demand for manual labor.  Technological advances mean that more and more tasks become automated.  This applies to everything from food to cars.  Large, complex machines do the work of hundreds of people, with minimal oversight from human beings.  One man driving a combine harvester does the work in a day that it took tens of people days to do, harvesting crops.

Bulk transportation of goods in planes and container ships means that those goods can be produced by cheap labor overseas and shipped back to the US to be sold at high profit.  Communications technology means that many jobs can be sent overseas and customers may not know where those providing the service are based in the world.  Theoretically, we could return some jobs to the US by lowering wages here to be more like those earned by foreign workers.  However, the consequences would be catastrophic.  As we have seen, prices are rising in real terms due to international demand.  Lower salaries in the US would not mean that goods and services simply become cheaper and US workers more competitive, it would mean that they would be even less able to compete with advancing nations for the limited supplies of many items like oil and food.  Additionally, many people overseas lead simple lives and work for subsistence wages.  That sounds good, and is good for the environment.  However, their jobs are provided by the relatively wealthy in the West, who are able to purchase their products.  Ok, so we move the low paid jobs back to the US.  To think of our own interests, suppose we reduce wages to the point that sending jobs overseas is no longer attractive.  We won't worry about foreign workers but think of our own. We end up with millions of Americans who can not afford the goods and services provided by other working Americans.  That reduces demand, which reduces jobs and so on, in a downward spiral.  It may be better for the environment but what we will do is basically roll back the societal advances, the growth of the middle class, that has occurred over the last 80 years.  However, with the advance of technology, we will not return to a time of simple agrarian society with high employment, we will devolve to a state with a few, relatively wealthy people, and masses of poor.  Rather like the middle ages of Europe.  There would be mass ill health, ignorance and population decline.  For the planet and the other living things upon it, that might be a good thing.  But, for human beings, the golden age of the late 20th century would be over.

Of course this is a totally unnecessary outcome.   It comes back to the idea of extremes being dangerous.  Communism is dangerous because it results in a lack of incentive for people to strive for improvement.  While many people are altruistic, the majority do expect to receive some reward for effort.  If extra effort brings no reward and the lazy get the same reward as the hard working, why bother?  The extreme of American style capitalism is also dangerous (as well as unfair) and leads to economic instability.  In current American society, more and more of the available wealth is accumulating to fewer and fewer individuals.

In 1988 the average income in the US was $33,500.  In 2008 the average was $33,000.  However, the top 1% saw their income increase by 33%.  Since 1970, the stock market has boomed an incredible 1,300%.  However, the average American has not seen any benefit from this increase.  At the same time prices have soared.  In 1988 the cost of a gallon of gas was $1.08.  A dozen eggs cost 88 cents and a gallon of milk was $2.30.  Today the average costs are $3.69, $1.95 and $3.62.  Everything costs more, for the above discussed reasons.  So, the majority of Americans have seen wages remain stagnant while prices soar.  The rich get richer.

Favoring wealth redistribution has been described as the politics of envy by that same conservative acquaintance of mine.  However, it is rather, the politics of sanity.  As the majority of Americans find their disposable income waning, their spending decreases.  This reduces demand for goods and services.  That lowers the number of jobs required to meet the reduced demand, and so on, as previously described.  The real income to society has increased, as shown by the increases in the stock market and the incomes of the top 1%.  So there is money available to pay people more.  Lessening income inequality stimulates the economy.  A few very rich people can not support an economy.  A rich man can only drink one drink, eat one meal, watch one TV, drive one car, etc at a time.  It is the demand of the masses, with income to spare, that creates demand and so provides jobs.  Yes, some of that disposable income will be spent on goods and services provided overseas, but much of it will provide jobs here.  Many services can only be provided locally or in person.  Wealthy investors are required, within reason, but even they go bankrupt if no one can afford to buy the products of the companies they invest in.

As I said earlier, extremes are dangerous.  Unless the extreme capitalism of the US is modified, we are heading toward another economic crash like that of the Great Depression of the early 20th century.  In such a case, everyone suffers, rich and poor alike.  The trend of the top 1% taking an ever greater percentage of the national income must be reversed.  There should be an incentive for those who work hard and those who don't or can not work, should not get the same rewards as those who work - a la communism.  But there must be a minimum wage that provides people with enough income to live on, with money to spare to stimulate the economy.

Repeated cycles of boom and bust not only cause human misery but they waste the investment of time and energy expended by society.  They also ruin the future of those who have worked hard and lose out through no fault of their own, when the economy collapses.

Those on the right have to realize that there are no easy answers and that lack of regulation does not lead to their desired outcomes.  Without regulation, wealth accumulates to the rich, everyone suffers and presidents can do little to rectify the situation.

Our awesome God!

Our God is an awesome God.  A God of power and majesty!

Science tells us about the events that have caused the world to be the way it is today. I believe the things that science tells us. Geology, physics, cosmology, biology. I understand them. I accept the evidence and the conclusions. The Bible story of creation, I do not believe.  They are the tales of people who, long ago, did not know how the universe works. They are simplistic explanations.  However, none of these facts threaten God.  To me, what science reveals actually magnifies the power of our awesome God.  Our God is not a man working day by day to create a single planet in just six days and, in doing so, becoming so exhausted that he has to rest for the seventh.

There are so many things that have to be just right for us to exist and I think it unreasonable to attribute these to blind chance.

Firstly we live in a universe where the laws of physics allow complex matter to exist.  Change just a few of the basic constants of the laws our universe follows and energy could not give rise to matter or, if it did, it would not be the matter that makes the universe we see. Alter the power of gravity slightly and there would be no condensation of matter into stars. The universe would be filled with simple matter, floating in the void.  We are made of star dust, every single one of us. Without stars there would be no complex atoms that make up the molecules of everything from the atmosphere, to bacteria, to mice, to men. It is within the nuclear furnace of stars that our constituent atoms were made.  Even if gravity was the same, change the energies of the constituents of atoms and nuclear fusion would not occur. We would have condensed matter forming giant blobs. Black holes travelling through space, devouring the rest of the matter that did exist. Without the laws of physics, as they exist, no nuclear fusion means no complex atoms, means no life, no us.

We have observed planets around other stars,  there is no law that says that planets should be ordered as they are in our solar system: Rocky inner planets with massive gaseous outer planets. Other systems have things the other way around, with massive planets, larger than Jupiter, orbiting their stars so closely as to be boiling hot, instead of being out in the cold as our Jupiter is.  Our beautiful Earth is a Goldilocks planet.  Like baby bear's porridge, it is just right.

Complex life depends upon water.  Despite what science fiction writers have said, that statement isn't just a lack of imagination. It is a fact.  It is possible that lifelike processes could occur in other chemical media but other substances tend to liquify at much lower or higher temperatures than water. At lower temperatures chemistry itself slows down.  The available energy is much less than at the temperature at which water is liquid. Some form of life might exist in very low temperatures but it would progress so slowly that it would not become advanced in the period that the universe has existed.  At too high a temperature chemical bonds are too unstable. A living being has to be able to maintain its own integrity and be able to pass on information to the next generation.  Higher temperatures make this far less likely to happen.  Heat is energy.  Make bonds too energetic and they are unstable.

So, life needs liquid water. Water is only liquid at a short range of temperatures.  Too low and it freezes into a solid, in which chemical reactions are too slow.  Too high and water vapourises. No longer liquid, it can not be the medium in which chemical reactions occur.  Our Earth is in just the right place to maintain liquid water on most of the surface. Any closer to the sun and the seas would boil. Any further out and they would solidify.

Our planet is just the right size too.  If the Earth was smaller then its gravitational field would not be strong enough to hold on to an atmosphere.    Unless they are at absolute zero (-460F) all molecules are in motion.  High up in the atmosphere fast moving molecules can reach escape velocity and shoot off into space.   Escape velocity is the speed at which something has to travel in order to leave a planet. That speed depends on the gravity of an object, which depends on its mass.  A smaller planet, composed of the same elements as the Earth, would have a lower mass, a lower gravitational field and, therefore, a lower escape velocity.  It's atmosphere would boil away. Just as that of Mars did.   A planet could have the same mass as the Earth and be smaller but that would mean that it would have to be composed of different materials. If it only contained the heavier elements then it would not contain those required for complex life.  A planet with a larger mass than the Earth has a greater gravity.  It will, therefore, accumulate a larger atmosphere, like the familiar gas giants of our own solar system. This will include the heavier gasses like Carbon dioxide.  Such a planet would have a higher greenhouse effect and thus higher surface temperatures such as those found on our sister planet Venus.  Geologists also theorise that a rocky planet, larger planet than the Earth, would have too thick and rigid a crust to allow plate techtonics.  With no wandering, colliding plates there would be no mountain building, no erosion and complex chemical interactions between the materials of the crust and the atmosphere. Such a planet would not only have greater zoning of elements into layers within its rocky body but also rock and atmosphere would be separated by ocean.

Our planet has just the right amount of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to make Earth habitable for complex living things such as ourselves.  Much more and the Earth would experience a run-away warming, similar to Venus. Much less and we would enter an ice age.

The Earth's orbit is virtually (but not quite) a perfect circle around the sun. This is true of most of the planets in our solar system.  Mercury is the exception.  Orbital eccentricity is measured on a scale of 0 to 1. With 0 being a perfect circle. That is, at all times of the year a planet with an orbital eccentricity of 0, is the same distance from its star.  The Earth's eccentricity is 0.017. That of Mercury 0.206.  Of the 1,000 or so planets detected outside our solar system, the large majority have much more eccentric orbits, many with eccentricities greater than 0.3.  This means that the temperature on the planet's surface would vary greatly between closest and furthest approach. Summers would be incredibly hot and winters terribly cold.  Life, particularly complex life, would have a tough time on such a planet.

Jupiter is in just the right place and acts as the guardian of the Earth.  In the majority of the other solar systems where planets have been discovered, the large gas giants are close to their star.  They zip around it in a few days rather than the 12 Earth years that Jupiter takes to go around our sun.  In its distant orbit, Jupiter acts a gatekeeper. There are all sorts of giant lumps of rock and ice travelling around space at high speeds. If they reach the inner solar system then they can hit the Earth.  Some do get through but most that do are small.  The majority of the large rocks out there get picked up by the massive gravitational pull of Jupiter and destroyed long before they threaten us.  The Earth has been hit many times.  However, it would be much worse without the protection of Jupiter. Constant bombardment with asteroids that rework the surface of a planet, is not conducive to the continuation of life on Earth.

I can not believe that all these things are mere chance.  One or two occurring together could be coincidence.  I therefore believe that, taking all these things together,  it is reasonable to conclude that we exist because our place in the universe was deliberately chosen for us, by our amazing God.

Climate change\Global warming Denier Myth Busting 2. Attempting to spread truth.

"Global warming is a recent hoax, a con trick, designed by lying climatologists to get funding." bleat the deniers.

Not so and any such accusation is the result of ignorance or deliberate deceit.

Any rational study of the historical evidence shows a growing worry, about the influence of CO2, among people who had no vested interest in over-hyping the problem:

1896 Svante Arrhenius (1859–1927), Swedish physical chemist and 1903 Nobel laureate, publishes first calculation of global warming from human emissions of CO2.

1938 English engineer Guy Callendar argues that CO2 greenhouse global warming is underway. Published 10 major scientific articles, and 25 shorter ones, between 1938 and 1964 on global warming, infra-red radiation and anthropogenic carbon dioxide.

1956 Canadian Gilbert Plass calculates that adding CO2 to the atmosphere will have a significant effect on the radiation balance.

1957 American Roger Revelle finds that CO2 produced by humans will not be readily absorbed by the oceans.

1960 Charles Keeling accurately measures CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere and detects an annual rise.

1963 Calculations by Fritz Möller suggest that feedback with water vapor could make the climate acutely sensitive to changes in CO2 level.

Same year meeting on “Implications of Rising Carbon Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere” was convened by the private Conservation Foundation.

1965 U.S. President’s Science Advisory Committee reported that “By the year 2000 the increase in atmospheric CO ... may be sufficient
to produce measurable and perhaps marked changes in climate...”

1970 Massachusetts Institute of Technology study on
“Man’s Impact on the Global Environment,” suggested that greenhouse warming might bring “widespread droughts, changes of the ocean level, and so forth,”

1977 report on “Energy and Climate” from a panel of geophysicists
convened by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences stated there would be
“significant effects in the geographic extent and location of important commercial fisheries... marine ecosystems might be seriously disrupted.” Stresses on the polar ice caps might lead to a surge of ice into the sea, bringing a “rise in sea level of about 4 meters within 300 years.”

1983 study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, studied sea-level rise. The experts concluded that by the end of the 21st century they “could confidently expect major coastal impacts, including shoreline retreat... flooding, saltwater intrusion, and various economic effects.”

Such concerns accelerated during the 80s, resulting in the formation of the IPCC. Their conclusions were difficult to reach and based on a vast array of data.

A conclusion that the observed warming is the result of human induced modification of the atmosphere is a rational one, based on the work of generations of scientists. That does not logically indicate that it is the correct conclusion, since not all evidence is available at all times, but it is a rational conclusion given the available evidence. That is how science works. Any accusation of deliberate, wide-spread conspiracy to deceive is irrational and either the result of historical ignorance or deceit.

Myth busting: Deniers and the phrase 'Climate Change'.

"Lefties have had to change the name from Global Warming, to Climate Change since it hasn't warmed since 1998. Why would they do that if they weren't up to no good?". Such claims we hear the deniers cry. As with the fact that warming has not actually stopped (but rather slowed) this statement is simply untrue. Leaving aside the obvious fact that the very organization that the ignorant constantly criticize is called the IPCC (CC=Climate CHANGE!) and was founded in 1988 (That's ten years before the supposed halt to warming), there are many other references to the actual phrase, or near enough, "Climate Change" that long predate the term global warming. When Climate Change is used in the 1950's, it is usually in terms of warming.

There simply has been no great change in the interchangeable usage of both the terms "Global Warming" and "Climate Change". Deniers who use this argument are one of: stupid, ignorant or liars.

These are the references I found in an hour with my friend Google:

 1916 Hartford Courant "FOSSIL ROCKS IN CANADA STUDIED: Remains of Earliest Animal Life Found SCIENTISTS SPEND MONTHS IN NORTH Measurement of Ice Flow Shows Climate Change."

1937 Miami News 1937 http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=newssearch&cd=13&ved=0CDQQqQIwAjgK&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DiMYuAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DVNQFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6066%2C4768002%26dq%3Dclimate-change%26hl%3Den&ei=WY9hUpL2LePkyQG-w4GwCQ&usg=AFQjCNEWPyutlE0-LwiE8H_UiaH2n8thDw&sig2=PcSVRsaKACCgp3dObLlwGQ&bvm=bv.54176721,d.aWc&cad=rja

1939 Christian Science Monitor "World Climate Getting Warmer, and it's not the humidity. Although not a part of the climate change evidence, the world s coldest and hottest figures may be involved in the change." http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/csmonitor_historic/doc/515570988.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov%207,%201939&author=&pub=Christian%20Science%20Monitor&edition=&startpage=&desc=World%20Climate%20Getting%20Warmer%20--And%20It%27s%20Not%20the%20Humidity

1952 Los Angeles times (Archive) "Weather Expert Finds Little Climate Change"

1953 Advert in the Spokesman Review http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=slsVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LeYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1951,3695705&dq=climate-change

Dec 2, 1955 The Hartford Courant "Climate Change Seen As Hurricane Cause"

1956 "The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change" GILBERT N. PLASS (The Johns Hopkins University)

1956 New York Times "Pines 4,000 Years Old Found in California; Oldest Things Alive, Experts Say After Count of Rings 4,000-YEAR TREES GROWING IN WEST Response To Climate Change Dry and wet Alternation"

1958 Education documentary "Unchained Goddess" refers to climate change.

1958 New York times "Science In Review: Antarctica, preserved for research" refers to the phrase "climate Change" http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F1061FFF355F13728EDDA80994DD405B8889F1D3

1961 Geography "LAMB, HH. "Atmospheric Circulation, Climate and Climatic Variations." 46.3 (1961): 208-222.

1962 New York Times "Science Notes: Powerful Scope; ION Microscope - Climate Study.  In an effort to ferret Out clues to the nature and causes of climate change, " http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50817FD3B551A7B93C5A8178DD85F468685F9

1971 Geological Society of America Bulletin 82.10 (1971): 2741-2754. Kent, Dennis, N. D OPDYKE, and Maurice Ewing. "Climate change in the North Pacific using ice-rafted detritus as a climatic indicator."

1972 Palm Beach Post "Greenland Ice Study" contains the phrase Climate Change http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=newssearch&cd=22&ved=0CC0QqQIwATgU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DiaM1AAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DILcFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D912%2C3895668%26dq%3Dclimate-change%26hl%3Den&ei=2Y9hUu_JAoGGyAHUt4GQAw&usg=AFQjCNFYzFmgNI5yS2ObQyWDsb0ZBDTAjA&sig2=B989zZbFHET3YJ7Q8aQLJg&bvm=bv.54176721,d.aWc&cad=rja

1975 Science article by geochemist Wallace Broecker of Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory: "Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?"

1976 Gadsden times "climate Change worries Soviets" http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=newssearch&cd=48&ved=0CEQQqQIwBzgo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DcJdGAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DoP0MAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2855%2C1701489%26dq%3Dclimate-change%26hl%3Den&ei=C5JhUuCLI87lygHgm4GQAw&usg=AFQjCNH_1mYAcWZ8BMcSeiRI_ni9sYFlOA&sig2=oqwsd19vRTkGnXLPqdXO7A&bvm=bv.54176721,bs.1,d.aWc&cad=rja

1977 The Journal "Climatic Change" established.

1977 Deseret News http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=newssearch&cd=3&ved=0CDgQqQIwAg&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DSMdSAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DLX4DAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4384%2C5842345%26dq%3Dclimate-change%26hl%3Den&ei=hI5hUsySGaWzyAH95oGoAQ&usg=AFQjCNEubvXthxbkNVgu4N2_1j2vnaaSbw&sig2=VKWLut_NnqTP0VToFNiqBw&bvm=bv.54176721,d.aWc&cad=rja

1977 Deseret News "Great Lakes to Shrink Says botanist" http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=newssearch&cd=70&ved=0CEcQqQIwCTg8&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DlWVTAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DnYUDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7097%2C5753233%26dq%3Dclimate-change%26hl%3Den&ei=jJJhUvekCaWGyAGS8IGYDA&usg=AFQjCNE9Q5yGM_GVKGC9s9NI0NIIcfE_5A&sig2=ICW5mtfyBbLp2VSUFfOoFQ&bvm=bv.54176721,bs.1,d.aWc&cad=rja

1978 "Scientists: Earth may be a desert by the year 2025" uses the phrase "climate change" https://www.google.com/url?url=http://news.google.com/newspapers%3Fid%3D2DpVAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Dyz0NAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6602,6834609%26dq%3Dclimate-change%26hl%3Den&rct=j&sa=X&ei=Z5NhUs_7L-jhyQHTtYCoCw&ved=0CD4Q-AsoADAGOEY&q=climate-change&usg=AFQjCNFynH6Vu2CtazKmQGsHSB2nekoErw&cad=rja

1979 Gadsden Times "Scientists Warn of Drastic Climate Change". http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=newssearch&cd=21&ved=0CCsQqQIwADgU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Dm6QfAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DLtYEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2526%2C1052831%26dq%3Dclimate-change%26hl%3Den&ei=2Y9hUu_JAoGGyAHUt4GQAw&usg=AFQjCNF8Njd186ABF1tws-ZiFgJPvafaYw&sig2=XbFQwT3F5t6vZ62oW_tPsg&bvm=bv.54176721,d.aWc&cad=rja

1979 New York Times "worldwide Errort is proposed to Study climtae and its impact" Contains the phrase "climate Change" http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=newssearch&cd=89&cad=rja&ved=0CE8QqQIwCDhQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF20D10FC3A5D12728DDDAA0994DA405B898BF1D3&ei=KpRhUvnpAaGwygGbj4DQCg&usg=AFQjCNGJQxG8FmAL351JtlaDxgeepYIyLA&sig2=3o0pGxelxXUobo-ht5j5bA

1980 Bangor Daily News http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=newssearch&cd=4&ved=0CDwQqQIwAw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DAXg-AAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DtVkMAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1088%2C1955014%26dq%3Dclimate-change%26hl%3Den&ei=hI5hUsySGaWzyAH95oGoAQ&usg=AFQjCNFgs3_HjedDtWgX23a8jl1emHYo_Q&sig2=tAf_6qgprkykGrjdiNgTdg&bvm=bv.54176721,d.aWc&cad=rja

1980 Journal of Atmospheric Sciences " On the Distribution of Climate Change Resulting from an Increase in CO2 Content of the Atmosphere."

1980 Science "Detecting Climate Change due to Increasing Carbon Dioxide"

1981 "Climate change and society: consequences of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide" Barnes & Noble.

1984 Technical Report: "Response of unmanaged forests to CO2-induced climate change: available information, initial tests and data requirements" Solomon, Allen M., et al. Response of unmanaged forests to CO2-induced climate change: Available information, initial tests and data requirements. No. N-85-21817; TR-009. Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA), 1984.

1985 Journal of Geophysical Research "Trace gas trends and their potential role in climate change"

1987 Journal 'Climate' "Testing for Climate Change: An Application of the Two-Phase Regression Model"

1988 23 June  U.S. Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, "Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change" 100th Cong., 1st sess.,

1988 - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

1988 - Boston Globe "WORLD FOOD SUPPLY IN PERIL, GROUP WARNS" contains "climate change" http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/doc/294498109.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%202,%201988&author=Dianne%20Dumanoski,%20Globe%20Staff&pub=Boston%20Globe%20%28pre-1997%20Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=&desc=WORLD%20FOOD%20SUPPLY%20IN%20PERIL,%20GROUP%20WARNS

1988 Nature "Response of Northern forests to CO2 induced climate change. Vol 334
 
1995 - Influence of plants on climate probably more dramatic than previously thought" Mentions the phrase. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=newssearch&cd=100&ved=0CFgQqQIwCTha&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DqxIxAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DEOAFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4910%2C3207991%26dq%3Dclimate-change%26hl%3Den&ei=EZlhUorXGuqmyQHwyYHYCA&usg=AFQjCNFDvv9wmyiWBEwWH5SuEOz1L8JpEA&sig2=1JpDFJRklm6KVFwDGhCEjQ&bvm=bv.54934254,d.aWc&cad=rja

1997 Time Magazine "Climate Change Summit - turning down the heat" http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987564,00.html